#建站教程#centos系统搭建Mastodon
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在开始之前,你应该先了解一下什么是Mastodon,它是做什么的?有什么功能?下面这篇文章写的很详细了,有兴趣的可以先看看:
https://www.douban.com/group/topic/113168501/
这里我们简而言之,你现在可以把Mastodon当作是一个“去中心化”的新浪微博或是Twitter。
现在我们来做部署前的准备工作,你应该准备好下面两样东西:
1.一台内存大于1GB的KVM架构VPS。
2.一个顶级域名,并且已经解析到你的VPSIP。
首先我们使用Xshell登录到VPS内,更新系统:
yum -y update| 1 | yum -y update |
安装EPEL源:
yum -y install epel-release| 1 | yum -y install epel-release |
安装开发工具包:
yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools"| 1 | yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools" |
安装项目所需依赖:
yum -y install wget curl git openssl-devel readline-devel libicu-devel libidn-devel postgresql-devel protobuf-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel gdbm-devel zlib-devel libffi-devel libyaml-devel| 1 | yum -y install wget curl git openssl-devel readline-devel libicu-devel libidn-devel postgresql-devel protobuf-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel gdbm-devel zlib-devel libffi-devel libyaml-devel |
安装NodeJS:
curl --silent --location https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_8.x | sudo bash -yum -y install nodejs| 12 | curl --silent --location https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_8.x | sudo bash -yum -y install nodejs |
安装Yarn包管理器:
curl --silent --location https://dl.yarnpkg.com/rpm/yarn.repo | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/yarn.repoyum -y install yarn| 12 | curl --silent --location https://dl.yarnpkg.com/rpm/yarn.repo | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/yarn.repoyum -y install yarn |
安装imagemagick:
yum -y install https://imagemagick.org/download/linux/CentOS/x86_64/ImageMagick-libs-7.0.8-12.x86_64.rpmyum -y install https://imagemagick.org/download/linux/CentOS/x86_64/ImageMagick-7.0.8-12.x86_64.rpm| 12 | yum -y install https://imagemagick.org/download/linux/CentOS/x86_64/ImageMagick-libs-7.0.8-12.x86_64.rpmyum -y install https://imagemagick.org/download/linux/CentOS/x86_64/ImageMagick-7.0.8-12.x86_64.rpm |
安装Redis:
yum -y install redis| 1 | yum -y install redis |
启动Redis并设置开机启动:
systemctl start redissystemctl enable redis| 12 | systemctl start redissystemctl enable redis |
安装PostgreSQL数据库:
yum -y install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/10/redhat/rhel-7-x86_64/pgdg-centos10-10-2.noarch.rpmyum -y install postgresql10 postgresql10-server postgresql10-contrib postgresql10-devel| 12 | yum -y install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/10/redhat/rhel-7-x86_64/pgdg-centos10-10-2.noarch.rpmyum -y install postgresql10 postgresql10-server postgresql10-contrib postgresql10-devel |
初始化数据:
/usr/pgsql-10/bin/postgresql-10-setup initdb| 1 | /usr/pgsql-10/bin/postgresql-10-setup initdb |
启动PostgreSQL以及设置开机启动:
systemctl enable postgresql-10systemctl start postgresql-10| 12 | systemctl enable postgresql-10systemctl start postgresql-10 |
现在登录到数据库内:
sudo -u postgres psql| 1 | sudo -u postgres psql |
创建数据库:
CREATE USER mastodon CREATEDB;| 1 | CREATE USER mastodon CREATEDB; |
完成之后退出:
\q| 1 | \q |
安装FFMPEG(可选):
cdwget https://johnvansickle.com/ffmpeg/releases/ffmpeg-release-64bit-static.tar.xztar -xJf ffmpeg-release-64bit-static.tar.xzcd ffmpeg-4.0.2-64bit-staticcp ffmpeg /usr/bin/ffmpegcp ffprobe /usr/bin/ffprobe| 123456 | cdwget https://johnvansickle.com/ffmpeg/releases/ffmpeg-release-64bit-static.tar.xztar -xJf ffmpeg-release-64bit-static.tar.xzcd ffmpeg-4.0.2-64bit-staticcp ffmpeg /usr/bin/ffmpegcp ffprobe /usr/bin/ffprobe |
安装Nginx,先新建一个源:
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo| 1 | vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo |
写入:
[nginx]name=nginx repobaseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/gpgcheck=0enabled=1| 12345 | [nginx]name=nginx repobaseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/gpgcheck=0enabled=1 |
然后yum安装即可:
yum -y install nginx| 1 | yum -y install nginx |
这里先停止运行nginx:
systemctl stop nginx| 1 | systemctl stop nginx |
设置nginx开机启动:
systemctl enable nginx| 1 | systemctl enable nginx |
现在我们添加一个用户,命名为mastodon:
adduser mastodon| 1 | adduser mastodon |
切换到这个用户的shell内:
su mastodon| 1 | su mastodon |
如果需要修改这个用户的密码,你应该执行下面的命令:
passwd mastodon| 1 | passwd mastodon |
安装rbenv:
wget -q https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv-installer/raw/master/bin/rbenv-installer -O- | bash| 1 | wget -q https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv-installer/raw/master/bin/rbenv-installer -O- | bash |
上面的脚本执行完成之后,设置环境变量:
echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profileecho 'eval "$(rbenv init -)"' >> ~/.bash_profilesource ~/.bash_profile| 123 | echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profileecho 'eval "$(rbenv init -)"' >> ~/.bash_profilesource ~/.bash_profile |
接着执行如下命令检查是否正常:
wget -q https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv-installer/raw/master/bin/rbenv-doctor -O- | bash| 1 | wget -q https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv-installer/raw/master/bin/rbenv-doctor -O- | bash |
如果一切正常,那么我们现在就可以使用rbenv安装ruby了:
rbenv install 2.5.1| 1 | rbenv install 2.5.1 |
安装完成之后,设置全局使用ruby2.5.1:
rbenv global 2.5.1| 1 | rbenv global 2.5.1 |
现在拉取Mastodon项目文件并进入到项目目录:
cd ~git clone https://github.com/tootsuite/mastodon.git livecd ~/live| 123 | cd ~git clone https://github.com/tootsuite/mastodon.git livecd ~/live |
检测最新版本:
git checkout $(git tag -l | grep -v 'rc[0-9]*$' | sort -V | tail -n 1)| 1 | git checkout $(git tag -l | grep -v 'rc[0-9]*$' | sort -V | tail -n 1) |
安装bundler和ruby依赖:
gem install bundlerbundle install -j$(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) --deployment --without development test| 12 | gem install bundlerbundle install -j$(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) --deployment --without development test |
安装node.js依赖:
yarn install --pure-lockfile| 1 | yarn install --pure-lockfile |
全部完成之后,现在我们可以开始配置mastodon了:
RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake mastodon:setup
在这个向导中,你应该按照如下配置来填写:
A:填写你的域名地址,不要带wwwQ:Do you want to enable single user mode?
A:NQ:Are you using Docker to run Mastodon?
A:nQ:PostgreSQL host: /var/run/postgresql
A:回车Q:PostgreSQL port: 5432
A:回车Q:Name of PostgreSQL database: mastodon_production
A:回车Q:Name of PostgreSQL user: mastodon
A:回车Q:Password of PostgreSQL user:
A:回车Q:Redis host: localhost
A:回车Q:Redis port: 6379
A:回车Q:Redis password:
A:回车Q:Do you want to send e-mails from localhost?
A:yQ:Send a test e-mail with this configuration right now?
A:nQ:Save configuration?
A:yQ:Prepare the database now?
A:yQ:Compile the assets now?
A:yQ:Do you want to create an admin user straight away?
A:y
走完这个向导之后,你应该切换回root用户:
su root| 1 | su root |
现在我们需要创建三个服务文件,第一个是web服务:
vi /etc/systemd/system/mastodon-web.service| 1 | vi /etc/systemd/system/mastodon-web.service |
写入:
[Unit]Description=mastodon-webAfter=network.target[Service]Type=simpleUser=mastodonWorkingDirectory=/home/mastodon/liveEnvironment="RAILS_ENV=production"Environment="PORT=3000"ExecStart=/home/mastodon/.rbenv/shims/bundle exec puma -C config/puma.rbExecReload=/bin/kill -SIGUSR1 $MAINPIDTimeoutSec=15Restart=always[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target| 12345678910111213141516 | [Unit]Description=mastodon-webAfter=network.target[Service]Type=simpleUser=mastodonWorkingDirectory=/home/mastodon/liveEnvironment="RAILS_ENV=production"Environment="PORT=3000"ExecStart=/home/mastodon/.rbenv/shims/bundle exec puma -C config/puma.rbExecReload=/bin/kill -SIGUSR1 $MAINPIDTimeoutSec=15Restart=always [Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target |
第二个是后台服务:
vi /etc/systemd/system/mastodon-sidekiq.service| 1 | vi /etc/systemd/system/mastodon-sidekiq.service |
写入:
[Unit]Description=mastodon-sidekiqAfter=network.target[Service]Type=simpleUser=mastodonWorkingDirectory=/home/mastodon/liveEnvironment="RAILS_ENV=production"Environment="DB_POOL=5"ExecStart=/home/mastodon/.rbenv/shims/bundle exec sidekiq -c 5 -q default -q push -q mailers -q pullTimeoutSec=15Restart=always[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target| 123456789101112131415 | [Unit]Description=mastodon-sidekiqAfter=network.target[Service]Type=simpleUser=mastodonWorkingDirectory=/home/mastodon/liveEnvironment="RAILS_ENV=production"Environment="DB_POOL=5"ExecStart=/home/mastodon/.rbenv/shims/bundle exec sidekiq -c 5 -q default -q push -q mailers -q pullTimeoutSec=15Restart=always [Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target |
第三个是流媒体API服务:
vi /etc/systemd/system/mastodon-streaming.service| 1 | vi /etc/systemd/system/mastodon-streaming.service |
写入:
[Unit]Description=mastodon-streamingAfter=network.target[Service]Type=simpleUser=mastodonWorkingDirectory=/home/mastodon/liveEnvironment="NODE_ENV=production"Environment="PORT=4000"ExecStart=/usr/bin/npm run startTimeoutSec=15Restart=always[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target| 123456789101112131415 | [Unit]Description=mastodon-streamingAfter=network.target[Service]Type=simpleUser=mastodonWorkingDirectory=/home/mastodon/liveEnvironment="NODE_ENV=production"Environment="PORT=4000"ExecStart=/usr/bin/npm run startTimeoutSec=15Restart=always [Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target |
完成之后立即启动这三个服务:
systemctl start mastodon-web.servicesystemctl start mastodon-sidekiq.servicesystemctl start mastodon-streaming.service| 123 | systemctl start mastodon-web.servicesystemctl start mastodon-sidekiq.servicesystemctl start mastodon-streaming.service |
接着设置开机启动:
systemctl enable mastodon-web.servicesystemctl enable mastodon-sidekiq.servicesystemctl enable mastodon-streaming.service| 123 | systemctl enable mastodon-web.servicesystemctl enable mastodon-sidekiq.servicesystemctl enable mastodon-streaming.service |
现在你应该关闭系统防火墙:
systemctl stop firewalld.servicesystemctl disable firewalld.service| 12 | systemctl stop firewalld.servicesystemctl disable firewalld.service |
接着关闭SELinux:
vi /etc/selinux/configSELINUX=disabledsetenforce 0| 123 | vi /etc/selinux/configSELINUX=disabledsetenforce 0 |
安装certbot用于自动签发Let’s Encrypt证书:
yum -y install certbot| 1 | yum -y install certbot |
执行如下命令,给你的域名签发证书(example.com替换成你的域名):
certbot certonly --standalone -d example.com| 1 | certbot certonly --standalone -d example.com |
证书如果签发成功,那么证书的存储路径应该是:
/etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem/etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem| 12 | /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem/etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem |
现在你应该配置certbot自动续约证书:
crontab -e| 1 | crontab -e |
写入:
0 0 * * * /usr/bin/certbot renew --quiet| 1 | 0 0 * * * /usr/bin/certbot renew --quiet |
这样配置好了后,certbot会在每天的0点检查证书是否过期,如果过期就自动续约证书。
现在我们编辑Nginx的主配置文件:
vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf| 1 | vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf |
在这个配置文件的第一行,将nginx的运行用户修改成mastodon:
user mastodon;| 1 | user mastodon; |
接着我们新建一个Nginx站点配置文件:
vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/example.com.conf
写入:
map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade { default upgrade; '' close;}server { listen 80; listen [::]:80; server_name example.com; root /home/mastodon/live/public; return 301 https://$host$request_uri;}server { listen 443 ssl http2; listen [::]:443 ssl http2; server_name example.com; ssl_protocols TLSv1.2; ssl_ciphers HIGH:!MEDIUM:!LOW:!aNULL:!NULL:!SHA; ssl_per_server_ciphers on; ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m; ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem; ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem; keepalive_timeout 70; sendfile on; client_max_body_size 80m; root /home/mastodon/live/public; gzip on; gzip_disable "msie6"; gzip_vary on; gzip_proxied any; gzip_comp_level 6; gzip_buffers 16 8k; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000"; location / { try_files $uri @proxy; } location ~ ^/(emoji|packs|system/accounts/avatars|system/media_attachments/files) { add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=31536000, immutable"; try_files $uri @proxy; } location /sw.js { add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=0"; try_files $uri @proxy; } location @proxy { proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https; proxy_set_header Proxy ""; proxy_pass_header Server; proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000; proxy_buffering off; proxy_redirect off; proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade; proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade; tcp_nodelay on; } location /api/v1/streaming { proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https; proxy_set_header Proxy ""; proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:4000; proxy_buffering off; proxy_redirect off; proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade; proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade; tcp_nodelay on; } error_page 500 501 502 503 504 /500.html;}| 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970717273747576777879808182838485868788899091929394 | map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade { default upgrade; '' close;} server { listen 80; listen [::]:80; server_name example.com; root /home/mastodon/live/public; return 301 https://$host$request_uri;} server { listen 443 ssl http2; listen [::]:443 ssl http2; server_name example.com; ssl_protocols TLSv1.2; ssl_ciphers HIGH:!MEDIUM:!LOW:!aNULL:!NULL:!SHA; ssl_per_server_ciphers on; ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m; ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem; ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem; keepalive_timeout 70; sendfile on; client_max_body_size 80m; root /home/mastodon/live/public; gzip on; gzip_disable "msie6"; gzip_vary on; gzip_proxied any; gzip_comp_level 6; gzip_buffers 16 8k; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000"; location / { try_files $uri @proxy; } location ~ ^/(emoji|packs|system/accounts/avatars|system/media_attachments/files) { add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=31536000, immutable"; try_files $uri @proxy; } location /sw.js { add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=0"; try_files $uri @proxy; } location @proxy { proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https; proxy_set_header Proxy ""; proxy_pass_header Server; proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000; proxy_buffering off; proxy_redirect off; proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade; proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade; tcp_nodelay on; } location /api/v1/streaming { proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https; proxy_set_header Proxy ""; proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:4000; proxy_buffering off; proxy_redirect off; proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade; proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade; tcp_nodelay on; } error_page 500 501 502 503 504 /500.html;} |
最后启动Nginx:
systemctl start nginx| 1 | systemctl start nginx |
大功告成,不出意外的话,现在打开你的站点域名,你应该可以看到一个Mastodon实例了,随便试用了下,很不错:
申明:原文来至荒岛(https://lala.im/4286.html)
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